316 is usually regarded as the standard “marine grade stainless steel”, but 316 is not resistant to warm sea water. In many marine environments 316 does exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. This is particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish.
316 Hot working
Initial forging and pressing: 1150 - 1200oC
Finishing temperature: above 900oC
for upsetting operations, forgings
should be finished between: 930 and 980oC
All hot working operations should be followed by annealing.
Grade 316 is an improved version of CS 304, with the addition of molybdenum and slightly higher nickel content. The resultant composition of CS 316 gives the steel much increased corrosion resistance in many aggressive environments. The molybdenum makes the steel more resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-contaminated media, sea water and acetic acid vapours. The lower rate of general corrosion in mildly corrosive environments gives the steel good atmospheric corrosion resistance in polluted marine atmospheres.
CS 316 offers higher strength and better creep resistance at higher temperatures than CS 304. CS 316 also possesses excellent mechanical and corrosion properties at sub-zero temperatures. When there is a danger of corrosion in the heat-affected zones of weldments, the low-carbon variety CS 316L should be used. CS 316 Ti, the titanium-stabilized version, is used for its resistance to sensitization during prolonged exposure in the 550oC-800oC temperature range.
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